On question of influence of Roman law on Islamic law

In this article, I argue that Roman law had influence both directly and indirectly, because both channels of transmission cannot be mutually excluded. Particularly, I will focus on juxtaposition of theories on direct and indirect influence and will demonstrate that both possibilities should not be neglected because penetration of Roman law was not either organized or uniform. Roman legal concepts penetrated sporadically and on different levels therefore close examination reveals that some concepts were Roman and other were non-Roman, mostly local or provincial and based on customs.